Lead toxicity in rat pdf

Lead is one of the most commonly found hazards at superfund sites. The observed toxicity induced by lead acetate in rats was similar to. Lead nitrate induced testicular toxicity in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Lead poisoning is a lot less common than it used to be with less use in petrol, paints or cosmetics and generally improved housing. Lead pb is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal that inflicts numerous clinical consequences on humans. For centuries, lead toxicity has been one of the most significant preventable causes of neurologic morbidity from an environmental toxin. Since astrocytes serve as a cellular pb deposition site, it is of importance to investigate the response of astroglial cells in the adult rat brain in a model of acute lead exposure 25 mgkg b. The role of antioxidant activity of chitosanpinus merkusii. This case study is focused on lead exposure in the united states. This study is aimed at evaluating the therapeutic potentials of curcumin on pbinduced neurotoxicity. The vast majority of cases, therefore, go undiagnosed and untreated. Mar 14, 2016 lead pb intoxication is a worldwide health problem which frequently affects the liver. Effects of lead toxicity on developing testes in swiss.

Study on the neurotoxic effects of lowlevel lead exposure in rats. Like many metals, the main target for lead toxicity is the central nervous system 15. Effect of dietary calcium on maternal and fetal lead. Lead toxicity differential diagnoses medscape reference. Jul 27, 2012 lead is a metal with many recognized adverse health side effects, and yet the molecular processes underlying lead toxicity are still poorly understood. Protective effect of artichoke cynara scolymus leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat esfandiar heidarian1 and mahmoud rafieiankopaei2 1clinical biochemistry research center, shahrekord university of medical sciences, shahrekord, iran and 2medical plants research center.

Pb toxicity remains a common problem in both developing and industrialized countries due to unavoidable environmental and occupational exposure, resulting in about 600,000 new cases of intellectual disabilities in children and 143,000 deaths. The rationale of the use of calcium compounds in the treatment of lead poisoning depended upon the following facts. The rats of group i received only deionised water as control while, group ii, iii and iv were given lead. Lead acetate toxicity in rats in relation to age and sex. Even after the enactment of laws and regulations against the damaging use still there are sporadic cases where the excess amount of lead is being. Common name toxin lethal doses description toxic response aspirin acetyl salicylic acid c 9 h 8 o 4 ld 50 200 mgkg rat, oral odorless white crystal. Anticoagulant rodenticides work by interfering with the activation of vitamin k, a critical component in the production of blood clotting factors in the liver. The effect of dietary protein and amino acids methionine or cystine on blood and tissue lead concentrations and lead toxicity was investigated in 5weekold rats receiving lead acetate 1 mg of. Rodenticide toxicity can be caused by any of several types of rodent poisons that fall into two general categories, anticoagulants, and nonanticoagulants. Children younger than 6 years are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can severely affect mental and physical development. Curcumin attenuates leadinduced cerebellar toxicity in. Quantifying the injurious effects of lead is also difficult because of the diagnostic limitations that exist when analyzing human blood and urine specimens for lead toxicity.

The developing nervous system is susceptible to lead pb exposure but less is known about the effect of this toxic agent in adult rat brain. Very high lead levels in children can cause severe neurologic problems such as coma, convulsion, and even death, although such levels are now rare in the united states. Lethal dose table lethal dose ld 50 is the amount of an ingested substance that kills 50 percent of a test sample. Major risk factors for lead toxicity in children in the united states include nutrition, particularly deficiencies of essential metals, calcium, iron, and zinc, and housing and socioeconomic status. Lead poisoning remains one of the most common and preventable pediatric environmental conditions in the united states. Decreased body weight was previously observed by allouche et al. Subchronic oral toxicity of triethyl lead in the male. Curcumin is the principal component of turmeric, which is reported to have antioxidative properties. Pdf the effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental. Lead toxicity is an important environmental disease and its effects on the human body are devastating. Still, the dose increase does not necessarily mean the development of chronic toxicity. Effect of lead toxicity on coenzyme q levels in rat tissues.

Herbs rich in natural antioxidants like green tea gt camellia sinensis are supposed to attenuate harmful effects of lead toxicity. Weanling females were provided semipurified diets containing no. A series of rat animal models exposed to low levels of lead during the developing period was established drinking water containing. Protective effect of artichoke cynara scolymus leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat esfandiar heidarian1 and mahmoud rafieiankopaei2 1clinical biochemistry research center, shahrekord university of medical sciences, shahrekord, iran and 2medical plants research center, shahrekord university of medical sciences, shahrekord, iran abstract. Toxicity rating commonly used term ld 50 rat, oral 1 extremely toxic toxic 1 50 3 moderately toxic 50 500 4 slightly toxic 500 5000 5 practically non toxic 5000 15000 6 relatively harmless 15000. Toxic effect of lead on kidney function in rat wistar. It unfolds into a full poster summarizing seven basic. In veterinary medicine, lead poisoning is most common in dogs and cattle. The effect of lead toxicity on the expressions of metallothionein mti and mtii mrnas in kidney tissues and the role of cotreatment with curcumin on their expression levels were also studied by rtpcr analysis. Analysis of lead toxicity in human cells bmc genomics. It therefore inhibits several calcium and zincdependent processes. Pdf the effect of lead toxicity on male albino rats reproduction. Lead is a heavy metal well known from the history of mankind to the present day for its diverse uses, misuses and the toxicity.

The preferred test species for evaluation of acute toxicity by the oral and inhalation routes is the rat, while the rat or rabbit are preferred for evaluation of acute dermal toxicity. Immunopathological alterations induced by lead exposure in. Coadministration of ascorbic acid and thiamine reverted the oxidative stress in a concentration dependent manner, as well as dna damage and apoptosis induced by lead in rat liver cells wang et al. It is expressed in mgkg, or milligrams of substance per kilogram of body weight. This may reflect a true phenomenon because lead exposure has been reported to accelerate bony maturation by inhibiting the effects of parathyroid hormonerelated peptide. For the main phase of the study, pregnant female animals are used. Protective effects of selenium and zinc on the brain acetyl cholinesterase activity in lead intoxified rat. Cdc lead poisoning prevention and treatment recommendations for refugee children 1. Male albino rats were divided into four groups, the first group represented the health control animals, while the second, third and fourth groups were ingested orally with sub lethal doses of lead acetate 120, 140 and 160 of the oral ld 50, respectively. Effect of dietary calcium on maternal and fetal lead toxicity and teratogenecity in rats by aisha, m. Frank anemia is not an early manifestation of lead exposure, and is evident only when the bll is significantly elevated for prolonged periods.

Lead and cadmium are trace metals which accumulate in the body and are extremely toxic in living organisms. Other possible mechanisms of toxicity are binding to oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur ligands, which. Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat blood, liver, and kidney milena andjelkovic 1,2, aleksandra buha djordjevic 2, evica antonijevic 2, biljana antonijevic 2, momcilo stanic 1, jelena koturstevuljevic 3, vesna spasojevickalimanovska 3, milos jovanovic 4, novica boricic 5. Effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental male. Impact of lead toxicity on male rat reproduction at. There is almost no function in the human body which is not affected by lead toxicity. Acute highlevel lead exposure has been associated with hemolytic anemia. Clinical, biochemical, hematological, and histopathological effects. Epa region 9 biological technical assistance group. Though in countries like us and canada the use of lead has been controlled up to a certain extent, it is still used vehemently in the developing countries. An investigation of the influence of dietary copper 1, 5, 20 ppm on toxicity of dietary lead 0 and 200 ppm in the young male rat in a 4week period indicated that as dietary copper increased so did the severity of lead toxicity. This has been confirmed by a significant elevation of lead level in serum, liver, kidney and brain tissues.

Lead pb is a toxic environmental heavy metal that induces serious clinical defect on all organs with the nervous system being the primary target. Oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in lead toxicity. The first in a series of studies on the chronic exposure of rats to lead pb is reported here. Protective effect of curcumin on lead acetateinduced. Curcumin attenuates leadinduced cerebellar toxicity in rats. Whether lead is a carcinogen or its association with renal adenocarcinoma is a consequence of cystic nephropathy is uncertain. Although different considerations were raised to explain the pathogenesis of lead toxicity, several studies suggested the primary involvement of the increased production of reactive oxygen species ros observed in lead exposed animals ding et al. In chronic lead exposure, lead induces anemia by both interfering with heme biosynthesis and by diminishing red blood cell survival. Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat blood, liver, and kidney milena andjelkovic 1,2, aleksandra buha djordjevic 2, evica antonijevic 2, biljana antonijevic 2, momcilo stanic 1, jelena koturstevuljevic 3, vesna spasojevickalimanovska 3, milos jovanovic 4, novica boricic 5, david wallace 6 and zorica bulat 2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of chitosanpinus merkusii extract nanoparticle on lead acetateinduced toxicity in rat pancreas.

Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat blood. The protective effect of green tea extract against lead. It should be noted that the possibility of acute toxicity manifestation depends on the substance dose. Lead poisoning, for the most part, is asymptomatic. The halflife of lead in the blood of cattle ingesting particulate lead is usually 9 wk.

Toxicity rating commonly used term ld 50 rat, oral 1 extremely toxic 15000. An experiment was conducted to study the haematobiochemical alterations induced by lead acetate toxicity in 48 wistar rats of either sex, divided uniformly into four different groups. Abdelmoneim hafez abdelmoneim, abdelraheim meki, attia m attia salem, ahmed mobasher, mohamed faisal lutfi. Lead may cause irreversible neurological damage as well as renal disease, cardiovascular effects, and reproductive toxicity. Withdrawal times, which may be 1 yr, should be estimated by periodic monitoring of blood lead concentrations. Overview of lead poisoning toxicology merck veterinary. Lead poisoning in animals and people is a major concern worldwide. Our results indicate a lower toxicity of lead acetate in young animals than in adults and a higher toxicity of lead in adult males.

Lead toxicity case studies in environmental medicine. Pdf toxic effect of lead on kidney function in rat wistar. Supplementation of ascorbic acid in combination with silymarin was able to reduce acute hepatotoxic lead toxicity shalan et al. The california department of public healths childhood lead poisoning prevention branch has developed lead education materials in multiple languages for parents and families, health care provider offices, child care givers, businesses and organizations, and others interested in preventing lead exposure in children. Moreover, lead is considered as a potent carcinogen atsdr, 2005.

The aim of study was to investigate the protective effect of. The protective effect of green tea extract against lead toxicity in rats kidneys. Even small amounts of lead can cause serious health problems. Young adult nulliparous females approximately 3 months of age for rats animals should be used. An integrated assessment of longterm toxicity with special reference to the kidney. The effects of lead inhalation on rat lung morphology lymphocytes and macrophages were observed in the bronchioli and bronchi lumina, alveoli lumina and interalveolar septa. This study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effect of thymoquinone tq, the major active ingredient of volatile oil of nigella sativa seeds, against pbinduced liver damage.

The effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental male albino rat. Accumulation of lead and cadmium in the organs and tissues. Hematobiochemical changes of lead poisoning and amelioration with ocimum sanctum in wistar albino rats sujatha k. Neurotoxic effects of differential doses of lead on rat brain followed. If a sponsor wishes to use a mammalian species other than the rat, justificationreasoning for this selection should be provided. The current study was conducted to examine the effect of lead toxicity on apoptosis in different rat tissues brain, liver and kidney, through estimation of caspase 9 intrinsic pathway, caspase 8 extrinsic pathway, proapoptotic bax and antiapoptotic bcl2 molecules and to correlate these changes with different doses of lead toxicity. Overview of lead poisoning toxicology merck veterinary manual. Antioxidant effects of spirulina supplement against lead. Protective effect of thymoquinone against leadinduced. Lead nitrate induced testicular toxicity in diabetic and. Ho f c yt ol g i a l st r n olg journal of cytology.

A heavy metal, lead is ubiquitous in our environment but has no physiologic role in biological systems. Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat. There was no evidence of bronchopneumonia in the rest of the group. Curcumin attenuates lead induced cerebellar toxicity in rats via chelating activity and inhibition of oxidative stress. Astroglial reaction during the early phase of acute lead. Impact of lead toxicity on male rat reproduction at hormonal and histopathological levels. The present body of knowledge suggests oxidative stress as one of the critical mechanisms of toxicity of both metals, even though neither of these metals is a fentons metal 710. Influence of dietary copper on lead toxicity in the young.

The selection of a system for toxicity measurements is a very. The effect of lead inhalation on rat lung morphology. Jun 12, 2017 children with high lead exposure mean, 23. Pdf lead is one of the environmental pollutants that can threat the life of living creatures in many ways. Lead interferes with mitochondrial function in vitro by interfering with calcium uptake. The wholebody retention of lead 203 determined in other groups of animals of the same age and sex 8 days after i. Lead toxicity is a particularly insidious hazard with the potential of causing irreversible health effects. Poisoning in animal populations may serve as a sentinel to assess the extent of environmental contamination and human health problems related to lead. Efficacy of curcumin on lead induced nephrotoxicity in. Lead is a poison that affects virtually every system in the human body. The effect of longterm elevated lead levels on children is of particular concern and can lead to a reduction of iq and to disruptive behaviour. Oral administration of tocotrienol ameliorates leadinduced. Multivariate analysis of the effects of manganese on the reproductive physiology and behavior.

The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of spirulina supplement against lead acetate induced hepatic injury in rats. Pdf impact of lead toxicity on male rat reproduction at. Protective effect of artichoke cynara scolymus leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat. Fibrosis and bronchopneumonia appeared to have occurred following lead administration figure 6. One dose was ingested every two days during the experimental period 14 weeks including the adaptation time. Pdf dietary phytates protect the rat against lead toxicity. Dietary phytates protect the rat against lead toxicity article pdf available in journal of food agriculture and environment 43 july 2006 with 123 reads how we measure reads. First, the solubility of lead phosphate was found to be analogous to that of calcium phosphate. International journal of anatomy and research, original. Pdf curcumin attenuates leadinduced cerebellar toxicity. Subchronic oral toxicity of triethyl lead in the male weanling rat. Pdf distribution of lead in selected organs and tissues of albino.

In a herd of cattle with confirmed cases of lead poisoning, all potentially exposed cattle should be evaluated. Pdf lead is an industrial pollutant that may exert specific toxic effect on mammals. Lead competes with other minerals, particularly calcium and zinc, in cellular and subcellular systems. Synthesis and toxicity evaluation of lead oxide pbo. The safe threshold for lead exposure has not been identified, as there is no accurate amount specified for lead toxicity. Lead pb is a ubiquitous environmental neurotoxin that induces several physiological, behavioral, and biochemical abnormalities in humans and animals. While anyone can develop heavy metal poisoning, children are more vulnerable to it, particularly lead poisoning. Lead is a toxic metal that induces a wide range of behavioral, biochemical and physiological effects in humans.

Information for parents on protecting children from lead poisoning, such as getting children tested for lead, and reducing other exposures from lead based paint and lead in water. Activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in rats. Haematobiochemical alterations induced by lead acetate. Curcumin is the main active constituent of turmeric rhizome curcuma longa with strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. In conclusion, lead exposure at the levels of 100 ppm and ppm in drinking deionised water leads to toxicity in wistar rats. Decrease in total protein and albumin in group iii and iv revealed compared to alteration in protein patterns which might be due to binding of lead to albumin. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf.

Sokol and berman 1991 indicated that prepubertal rats may be less sensitive to the toxic effects of lead than rats whose exposure begins after puberty has been initiated dorostghoal, et al. Childhood lead poisoning world health organization. This study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effects of curcumin on pb. The good news is that childhood lead poisoning is 100% preventable. The experimental animal was exposed to pb and cd at sub lethal concentration.

Protective role of sodium selenite fatma gokce apaydin 1, suna kalender 2, hatice bas 3, filiz demir 4 and yusuf kalender 1. Lead is one of the heavy metals with oxidative stress that causes toxicity in human and animals. Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus on toxicity of lead. Understanding the link between lead toxicity and adhd. Preventing childhood lead exposure is costeffective. The objective of the present study is to determine the accumulation of heavy metals lead pb and cadmium cd in different organs and tissues of albino rat. Pdf lead pb is a toxic, environmental heavy metal that induces serious clinical defects in all organs, with the nervous system being its primary. Protective effect of artichoke cynara scolymus leaf.